The big bang versus tired light

German Text Version

1. Introduction
The generally accepted state of science cosmology today (2019) assumes that the universe was created as a result of a big bang from a tiny space with a huge density of matter. After the Big Bang, it has expanded to its present size, going through various stages of matter development.
It is further assumed that the universe continues to expand rapidly.
Individual facts of matter development under certain circumstances should not be doubted here, but was there really a big bang?
If all reputable scientists assume that the Big Bang theory is right or at least no one dares to contradict, that is a clear indication that this theory might be correct.
In the history of science, however, there are numerous examples that whole generations of reputable scientists ultimately had to correct themselves.
Here is just a very simple to be stimulated to smirking example. For 100 years, the children had to eat plenty of spinach, because supposedly spinach was very healthy because of its high iron content. The scientific listing of minerals in vegetables made the mistake of comparing dried vegetables with freshly harvested ones, in fact the iron content in spinach is rather low. Spinach is no healthier than other vegetables.
All serious scientists, including doctors, have trusted the wrong facts. Nobody contradicted that. This is just a simple example, but there are many in all areas of science.
An authority puts a hypothesis into the room and no one dares to contradict, either to avoid uncomfortable accusations or because they do not know better.
Let's examine the arguments for the big bang.

2. State of the art
The current state of research in astrophysics assumes that the universe is expanding continuously. The expansion of the universe is based on the redshift of distant stars. The further a star is removed, the greater the shift of the spectral lines into the red region. Spectral lines are defined exactly by the emission or absorption of the radiation of the individual elements.
There can be the following causes for the redshift
- The Doppler effect due to relative movement of transmitter - receiver
- Overcome gravitation, thereby energy of the radiation is given to the gravitation and reduces the frequency of the radiation
From the general redshift of all stars versus the earth as a function of their distance, it is concluded that the universe is continuously expanding, and the faster the farther away the stars are, the faster it is.
To explain this, it is assumed in this theory that the universe is four-dimensional, i. E. it expands similar to the surface of a balloon during inflation, as the uniform expansion would otherwise be unexplained.
In the time tracking one comes to the point that there must have been a big bang in which the universe was compressed tiny tiny. According to the standard cosmological model (Lambda CDM model), the Big Bang occurred about 13.8 billion years ago. In this state, the Plank density must have been exceeded and the theory of relativity can not apply. Further, it is concluded that the expansion of the universe eventually comes to a standstill, the universe contracts again and finally ends in the Big Bang and then begins again. In the Big Bang, matter, space and time should not exist.
For the calculation of the processes a dark matter is assumed, which until now can not be explained, but would be computationally necessary for the cohesion of the universe.
Individual scientists conclude that if the universe is indeed four-dimensional and finite, there must be parallel universes, further speculation is made about connections of these universes through wormholes.
The big bang theory can be explained in part by general relativity and quantum field theory, but both theories are incompatible.
The Big Bang theory has been expanded in the past to prove it. More complicated components were added and several sub-theories worked out. So far no conclusive proof could be provided for any theory.
In contrast, the angular measurement of the universe has shown with great accuracy that the space can only be three-dimensional (triangles are known to have squares of 180 degrees, except on a spherical surface, in the 4th dimension the angles would be larger analogous to the triangles on the spherical surface of the earth).
In the following, a thesis is intended to show another possibility of redshifting, thus rendering various theories superfluous.

3. An old thesis: light can age
In Wikipedia we read:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tired_light

4. The rationale for tired light

On February 11, 2016, scientists announced the first direct detection of gravitational waves from the ongoing LIGO experiment.
Gravitational waves are an energy form that propagates at the speed of light.
Light quanta are also energy that propagates at the speed of light. The energy of the photon is equal to Plank's quantum of action times frequency.
The energy is e = m * c2, or the mass is m = e / c2 or in the case of the photon m = h * f / c2.
Thus, the photon has a mass, and since it has a mass, it also has a gravitational field.
This was already predicted by Einstein and proved experimentally in 1919 by the light deflection of stars.
Since the photon moves at the speed of light, the gravitational field is conical, similar to a supersonic cone, since the gravitational field also moves at the speed of light. It also generates a gravitational wave.

Machscher supersonic cone (Source: Wikipedia)
Since a gravitational wave is energy, the photon must release energy, which reduces the frequency of the light, causing a redshift.
This type of redshift is therefore dependent only on the duration of the movement of the photon, here called tired light.

5. Conclusions
Because of the described thesis, if it is correct, the expansion of the universe can no longer be explained by the redshift.
Furthermore, the conclusion is that if the universe is infinite, no light from any great distance can be detected, since the frequency of the light and thus its energy ultimately approaches zero. Assuming that photoageing coincides exactly with the measured redshifts, it may be that our normal observation horizon ends at 13.8 billion light-years, but the universe is three-dimensional and infinite.
Furthermore, it can be assumed that the 3 Kelvin background radiation of the universe is related to this.
Another effect is when you look at a black hole in the universe from which no light can escape. The light can escape already, but in the end it is so low in frequency that it is no longer perceived. Furthermore, there is no explanation for the lifetime of a black hole. It would have to absorb all matter over time. With o.g. Thesis could be explained that a black hole can dissipate by the release of gravitational energy over time.
If light can cause gravitational waves, other moving particles can, so they should be slowed down.
The total number of gravitational waves in the universe must be very high, it is to suspect a gravitational wave noise.
It is unclear what will happen to the energy that is in the gravitational waves. In 2016 gravitational waves were detected, i. The energy of the waves was partly transformed in the detector into another form of energy. So it is possible that the energy of gravitational waves is transformed into other forms, that is, in motion of other masses.
Through the thesis presented here, the existence of dark matter is no longer necessary for the calculation of the universe.
The mentioned effects have not been taken into account so far, since they are very small amounts of energy that can only be measured with enormous technical effort, if at all. Therefore, they are negligible metrologically in the other measurement of energy in individual cases. The total energy in gravitational waves, however, seems to be very high in the universe.

6. Practical proof
The proof of the correctness of this theory becomes difficult due to the small amounts of energy.
If the universe is really expanding so fast, after some time, a change in the distance of stars or galaxies must be observable, i. the change of redshift must be measurable. This may only become measurable after 100 or 1000 years.
If a change in the distance of the stars in all directions is undetectable, then this is an indication that the present theory could be correct.

7. Philosophical considerations
The entire universe follows laws that work together and against each other. "Every force produces an equal counterforce," say the physicists. "Every movement produces a counter-movement," say philosophers. "Everything that arises is worth destroying," says Goethe philosophically.
The sinking of all matter in black holes may not be the end. Similarly, the emergence of the world through a big bang and its demise in the Big Bang, seen in infinity, so a short moment later, is philosophically not convincing.
Already 100 years ago one discussed the universe heat death, thus the gradual approximation of all temperatures. The theory is correct for a closed system when viewed only thermodynamically. Although that would take a very long time, some philosophers take it as proof of the inevitability of the end of the world.
But when time and space are infinite, the big bang makes no sense.

8. Conclusion
If the redshift of light from distant stars can be proved by light fatigue, essential theories for understanding the universe must be reconsidered.

9. The author
If you seriously want to comment on the questions, you can send an email to
zweifler@urknall.eu
send.

02/14/2019